Method of weaving seamless bags



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. A D EMERY METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS. N0. 415,155.

Patented Nov. 12-, 1889.

Iquaqtura QM Htturqe LLJ'Ltr esses- Q/ JQM 9mm J u. PETERS. Phulo-Lflbugmphqn Wuhinglon. n a

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. D. EMERY.

METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

No. 415,155. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

F5. 5- n m m w n I 1 V 2r LU MFlEEE: E5.

lqul; tut. IQM m miaw Wm 0f N, FEIEHS. Rhmbuihognpher. Washington. n. cy

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAM D. EMERY, OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,155, dated November 12, 1889.

Application filed July 22, 1889- Serial No. 318,249. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAM D. EMERY, a citizen of the United States, residing atTaunton, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Method of Veaving Seamless Bags, of which the following is a full description.

My invention relates to a method of weaving seamless bags such as are described and claimed in an application filed by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,833, (Case 18.) The bags described in that application are composed of chain-threads running across the bag and two separate weft-th reads running lengthwise of the bag from one side of the mouth of the bag around the bottom to the other side of the mouth of the bag. The bottom and sides of the bag are formed by interlacing the chain-threads around the weft-threads for the required distance. The method of weaving such bags which forms the subject of the present application results from a modification of the general principles of weaving, as set forth in an application filed by me February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,639, (Case 1.) I employ two shuttles, as before, which make simultaneous passages through two openings or paths in the chain-threads side by side, thus weaving the two sides sim ultaneously side by side at one part of the operation and weaving the two sides together in a single piece of double-weight goods at another part of the operation. In the application last referred to, in which the invention is design ed to weave flat fabrics in ordinary form, the chainthreads were shed uniformly across the width of the loom, so as to produce a uniform result in the fabric. Two shuttles starting from two selvage edges located on one side of the loom made simultaneous passages through the paths or openings in the chain-threads to the other side of the loom, where the center of the fabric is formed. The shuttles were then reversed, the shuttles being presented to opposite openings to those just traversed. The shedding being repeated, the shuttles were driven through to the side of the loom from which they started, laying each a weft thread through the half of the fabric just traversed by the other. The shuttles and weft-threads were then passed around the edge chain-threads, forming the two selvage edges, and back through a succeeding shedding to the center of the cloth on the other side of the loom. The shuttles were then again reversed and returned through a succeeding shedding to their original position,-coinpleting the sequence of operations. In my present case a certain number bf the chain-threads on that side of the loom where the bottom of the bag is formed are shed in such manner as to interlace the same about the weft-threads, thereby forming a stout bottom to the bag. These chain-threads may be regarded as a separate set of chainthreads and are taken off a separate chainroller and are controlled by separate actuating devices, such as to pass the chain-threads from the inside of one half to the outside of the other in the regular order, as will be more particularly described hereinafter. This results in weaving the two sides into a single fabric of double-weight goods. It is understood that the fabric is closed in any event at this side of the loom by the reversal of the shuttles, and the bottom is further strengthened by the crossing of the weft-threads between the two outside chain-threads on that side of the loom, as fully explained in my ap plication, Serial No. 265,639, referred to. At the point where the closed edges of the bag are to be formed all the chain-threads are shed in union with the chain-threads on the side of the loom where the bottom is formed, thereby interlacing the chain-threads around the weftthreads all across the loom, weaving the two sides into a single piece of goods and forming the closed edges of the bag. This manipulation is continued for a distance requisite to form the binding of two bags when the two sides are again woven separately. The process is continued at will, making an endless chain of bags. The separate bags are obtained by cutting across the center of the interlaced portions. In the bag thus produced the sides of the same are plain oneply fabrics simultaneously woven in the loom. The bottom is formed by interlacing a certain number of the chain-threads around the weftthreads and crossing the weft-threads over each other, and the closed edges are formed by interlacing all the chain-threads around tions of the sheddings 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheets 1 .ISO

and 2, and show the several positions of the chain and weft threads in'the process of formation of the fabric. Fig. 9 is a draft of the chain-threads forming the weave. Fig. 10 shows the method of threading the chainthreads through the heddles to weave the fabric, as shown in draft, Fig. 9. Fig. 11 shows the finished fabric as made by the arrangement .of heddles as shown in Fig. 10, and draft, as shown in Fig. 9. Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15, Sheet 4, show four sheddings similar to those shown in Figs. 1 to 4, Sheets 1 and 2, but with the threads 3 and 4 transposed. Figs. 16,17, 18, and 19 show the relative position of the chain and weft threads due to this transposition. Fig. 20 is the design or draft due to this transposition. Fig. 21 shows the method of threading the chainthreads through the heddles, and Fig. 22 the finished fabric produced by the above-mentioned transposition of the weft-threads 3 and 4. Fig. 23 shows the manner in which the motion of the cam-levers is transmitted to the heddle-rollers.

To better distinguish the two weft-threads, one is shown shaded and the other plain in all the views.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, Sheets 1 and 2, the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate thefour chain-threads or four series of chain-threads running across the bag, but of course lengthwise of the loom, which are used to weave the body of the bag.

The numerals 1, 2, 3', and 4 indicate the four chain-threads used to bind the two sides or halves together to form the interlacing of the two sides or halves at the bottom.

The chain-threads 1 and 4 are the threads used to form the fabric on the side R, and 2 and 3 are the threads of the fabric on the side L. The chain-threads 3 and 4 and 3 and 4 pass over the equalizingdever 26, while threads 1 and 2 and l and 2pass over the equalizing-lever 25, in the manner more fully described in applicationfiled by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,828, (Case 13.)

These threads pass between the bendingrollers 23 and 24, which keep the threads forming the outside of the sheddings at an equal tension, as also explained in the application last referred to.

The numeral 5 indicates the shaded Weftthread shown as attached to the shuttle 7 L The numeral 6 indicates the plain weftthread attached to the shuttle 8.

9 indicates the reed through which the chain-threads pass, and 10 the finished fabric in process of formation.

The threads 1 and 1 pass through heddles 11, threads 2 and 2' pass through heddles 12, threads 3 and 3 pass through heddles 13, and threads 4 and 4 pass through heddles 14.

The heddles 11 and 12 are connected together and pass over the large roller 19 at one end and at the opposite end over the roller 21. The bending-roller 22 aligns the heddle 11 with roller 19, and bending-roller 2O aligns the heddle 1 2 wit-h roller 21. The heddles13 and 14 are likewise connected together and pass over the large roller 15 at one end and at the opposite end over roller 17. The bending-rollers 1'6 and 18 align the heddle 14. v

The numeral 27 indicatesthe roll of chain, the threads of which are used to form the double part, or the body of the bag, and

which are designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The mechanism for manipulating the chainthreads in the various sheddings forms no part of my present invention. I have indicated in the drawings, however, mechanical devices adequate to carrying my invention into effect, and will now briefly describe the same before passing to the description of the method proper.

The chain-roller 28 contains the threads used in interlacing around the weft-threads to form the bottom, and which are designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3 and 4. The rollers 15 and 19 areeach divided into two parts, as illustrated in Fig. 23, wherein one part (designated by the numeral 19) is for the chainthreads which form the body of the bag, and another part 19 is for the threads 1, 2, 3', and 4, used to bind the bottom. The roller 15 is similarly subdivided. The parts of both used to govern the threads 1, 2, 3, and 4 are controlled bv the lever 37, whose roller 38 works on the inner side of cam 41. From the two opposite ends of the lever 37 cords are attached and communicate motion to pulleys 44 on the ends of the rollers 15 and 19. On the inner end of lever 37 is attached cord 39, which passes to and around pulley 44 on roller 15, and from there to and around another like pulley on roller 19. To the opposite end of lever 37 is connected the cord 40, which is connected to cord 39 and forms a complete connection between the two ends of ,the lever 37, so that motion imparted to the lever 37 by the cam and roller 38 will move the cords 39 and 40 in opposite directions and give the proper motion to the heddles for forming the sheddings for the two sides or halves of the bag. The lever 29 is governed by the roller 30, working in the front of cam 41. The inner end of the lever has attached thereto heddle-cord 31. The opposite end has attached thereto cord 32. These pass around on opposite sides and govern that portion of roller 15 which governs the heddles carrying the threads 3 and 4. The lever 33 is governed by the roller 34,Working in the front of cam 41.

The inner end of the lever 33 has thereto attached cord 35. The outer end has attached thereto cord 36. These cords connect to opposite sides of that portion of roller 19 which controls the heddles governing the chain-threads 1 and 2. The cam 41 is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow, so as to place the threads of chains 27 and 28 in the several positions as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, Sheets 1 and 2. There are three positions on the front of the cam, which in regular order place the levers 29 and 33 in either of the three positionsviz., top, middle, and bottom-it being understood that when one end of the lever is in the top position the other end of the same will be in the bottom position, one cord being taken up as much as the other gives out. The levers and rollers are so arranged as to keep the threads 1 and 4 on the side R and threads 2 and 3 on the side L during the time necessary to weave the two sides of the bag, and at the same time the threads 1', 2', 3', and 4 are in regular order moved into the three p0- sitionsviz., extended on the side R, the middle, extended on the side L, and then the middie. The threads follow each other in these positions in regular order. The direction taken by the portion of the rollers 15 and 19 governing the chain-threads 1, 2, 3, and 4 is designated by the light arrow, and the direction taken by the part used to govern the chain-threads 1, 2, 3', and 4' is designated by the heavy arrow. After weaving the length required to form the two halves or sides of the bag the action of the lever 37 is stopped by disengaging the clutch 43 from the pulley 44, which allows the pulley 44 to run idle while the full length of the roller is engaged with the levers 29 and 33 through the clutch 43, when all the heddle-cords are moved together in the same manner and in unison with the threads interlacing the bottom, as shown in position in Figs. 12 to 15, Sheet 4.

In Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is shown the first shedding, in which it will be seen that thread 4 is extended on the side R and 3 on the side L, and 1 and 2 in the center, forming the two paths side by side for the part in which the two sides are woven open or separated. The thread 3' is extended on the side R and thread 4 on the side L, with 1' and 2' in the center, forming contin nations of the two paths formed by the other set. of chain-threads. Through these openings the weft-threads are carried from the rear to the front, and are shown in position in Fig. 5, Sheet 3, wherein the thread 5 is seen on the side R between the chainthreads 4 and 1 in the separated part and between 3 and 1 in the interlaced part, while the thread 6 is 011 the side L between the threads 2 and 3 in the plain part and between threads 2' and 4 in the interlaced part. These threads being beaten up form the first pick. The term pick is here used in designating a complete layer of weft from selvage to selvage made up of the two weft-threads, each carried half-way across. For the second shedding the heddles are moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 into the position as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, in such manner that the thread 1 is seen extended on the side R and 2 on the side L, with 3 and 4 in the center, while 2 is on the side R and 1 on the side L, with 3' and 4' in the center, forming two continued paths as before side by side. The shuttles are now reversed, so as to present the shuttle before on sideR to the opening on side L, and vice versa. .To accomplish this, the shuttles are passed in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 to position as shown in Fig. 2, and are driven through the sheddings, laying the threads, as seen in enlarged View Fig. 6, Sheet 3, where thread 6 is in the side R between the threads 1 and 4 and 2 and 3, while thread 5 is between the threads 2 and 3 and 1' and 4 on the side L. It will also be seen that the threads 5 and 6 are crossed between the threads 1 and 2' on the left-hand side of the figure. This crossingatthispointisineidental to the fact that the weft-threads pass each other at this point and pass into a succeeding pick, as fully explained in application filed February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,639. In the drawings I have shown the same weft-thread as always crossing over; but this is not essential, as I can vary the order in any of the ways explained in the application referred to. The weft-threads now being beaten up constitute the second pick. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2 into the position as shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 2, where threads 4 and 4 are on the side R, the threads 3 and 3 on the side L, and threads 1 1 and 2 and 2 in the center. This forms the third shedding through which the shuttles are passed. The shuttles pass through the sides just traversed and carry the weftthreads around the outer chain-threads, forming the selvages and laying the threads as shown in Fig. 7, wherein will be seen the plain thread (5 on the side R, between the threads 4 and 1 and 4 and 2, while thread 5 is contained on the side L, between the threads 3 and 2 and 3' and 1. The threads being beaten up form the third pick. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3 to the position as shown in Fig. 4, Sheet 2, wherein will be seen the threads 1 and 1 extended on the side R, and 2 and 2 on the side L, the threads 3 3 and 4 and 4' being in the center. This forms the fourth shedding. The shuttles are reversed by being turned in the direct-ion indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3 to the position as shown in Fig. 4, and are driven through from front to rear, carrying the weft-thread 5 through the side R and (5 through the side L. The result is seen in enlarged cross-section, Fig. 8, wherein thread 5 is between threads 1 and 4 and 1 and 4' on the side R, and thread 6 is between the chain-threads 3 and 2 and 2' and 3 on the side L. The cross or bind of the two weft-threads is also seen on the left between the threads 1 and 2, as before. The shuttles are now shown in the rear shuttleboxes and in the initial position from which they started, having laid four picks of wefts of sides or open part between the threads 1 and 4 on the side R and between the threads 3 and 2 on the side L. In these four picks the threads 1', 2', 3, and 4 have passed across to opposite sides in regular order, binding the two sides into a single fabric. This process is continued for'the length desired to form the width of the body or open part of the bag. In weaving the two sides together across the loom to form the edges of the bags the rollers 15 and 19 are made to move all the heddles in unison with those used to bind the bottoms by disengaging the clutches from the pulleys 44 and engaging them with'the pulleys governing threads 1, 2, 3, and 4. The sheddings are the same as the four already described, with the exception that all the threads are now shed, as the threads 1, 2', 3', and 4' were before. This makes the shedding uniform across the whole width of the chain, and produces across the entire width of the loom the interlacing of threads already described in connection with-the thread 1 2 3' 4'. This manipulation is continued for the distance requisite to form the closed part of the sides of two bags. The original shedding is then employed for the requisite distance to produce the width of a bag, and so on, forming an endless chain of bags.

The entire result is illustrated in Fig. 11, Sheet 3, where at the top are shown four picks produced by working over the heddles in unison to bind the sides together, and next below are twelve picks, made by working over the heddles, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, Sheets 1 Figs. 12 to 15,-Sheet 4, and correspond tosimi- 1 and 2, in which the sides are woven sepa.- rate side by side, extending from the two selvage edges on the side A, which form the mouth of the bag, to the point of the interlacing of the sides to form the bottom on the side B.

The pattern draft or weave is seen in Fig. 9 of Sheet 3, in which the crosses represent the risers, or those chain-threads that are extended on the side R, while the dots represent the sinkers, or those extended on the side L; the blankspaces those contained in the center. Upon examining the draft, Fig. 9, itrWill be seen that from the point V at the top to the point W is shown the order of lifting the threads for that portion of the fabric in which the two sides or halves are bound 2 and 2' are drawn through heddle 12, 3 and 3' are drawn through heddle 13, and threads 4 and 4 are drawn through heddle 14. Figs.

12, 13, 14, and 15 represent the four shed-' dings as made by transposing the threads 3 and 4. To produce this result, the threads are drawn through the heddles in the order as shown in Figj21. Threads 1 and 1 are drawn through heddle 11, threads 2 and 2 are drawn through heddles 12, threads 3 and 3 are drawn through heddles 14, and threads 4 and 4 are drawn through heddles 13. The heddles 11, 12, 13, and 14 are worked over in the same manner as in Figs. 1 to 4, Sheets 1 and 2, placing thread 3 in place of 4 in all the positions, the threads 1 and 2 remaining as before. This effect will be perceived in the side View of the bag, as seen in Fig. 22,

wherein the th reads follow across the bag in the following order in the interlaced portions- .viz., 1, 2, 3, and 4, the threads 1 and 3 forming the chain of one side and 2 and 4 the opv posite side. Upon an examination of Fig. 11 itwill be seen that the threads follow across in the order of 1 over, 2 and 3 under, and 4 over, while in Fig. 22 they are over and under'in alternation. Fig. 20 shows the draft -of the chain-threads in this modification.

The four sheddings from the point V at the top to the point W represent the part bound together, while from the point W to the point X that part in which the sides are woven separately, and the four threads 1, 2', 3,- and The squares marked with a cross represent the threads extended on the side R, the dots those extended on the side L, while the blank spaces are those contained in the center.

Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19 are enlarged crosssections of the four sheddings, as shown in lar sheddings, as shown in Figs. 5 to 8, in which the weft-threads are contained in the same sides, but in which the threads 3 and 4 and 3 an d4' are transposed, 3 and 3' taking the places of 4 and 4' and threads 4 and 4' taking the places of 3 and 3.

I make no claim in this application to the method of weaving double-weight fabrics which is involved in the interweaving of the two sides of the bag to form the closed ends of the same. This method is merely incidental to the method of weaving bags which is the subject of the present application, and forms the subject of another application filed by me October 7, 1889, Serial No. 326,247, method of weaving double -weight goods, (Case 25.)

What I claim is A method of weaving seamless bags, which consists in simultaneously forming an opening or path in each of the two halves into which the chain-threads are divided, then simultaneously introducing a weft thread into each of the openings so formed from the side on which the mouth is formed, 10-- cated on one side of the loom, to the side on IIO I00 4 are interlaced around the chain-threads. i

which the bottom is formed, located on the other side of the loom, then repeating the shedding operation and carrying a sufficient number of chain-threads next the side of the loom on which the bottom is formed to opposite halves of the fabric to bind the same together at that point, then again introducing the Weft-threads and carrying each of the latter through the half of the chainthreads just traversed by the other, repeating the shedding operation and again introducing the Weftthreads and carrying each through the half just traversed by it, repeating the shedding operation and returning the Weft-threads to their original positions, and continding this sequence of operations for the distance requisite to form the sides and bottom of a single bag, then repeat- In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 30 my hand this 21st day of June, A. D. 1889.

ABRAM D. EMERY. Witnesses:

WM. T. DONNELLY, WALTER T. EMERY. 

